Microsoft has released an update for Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 10130 that address a problem that Windows Update does not detect newly available preview builds

Consider the following scenario:

You install a Core Edition of Windows 10 Insider Preview.
You are running Build 10130 of this Core Edition of Windows 10 Insider Preview.
There are new preview builds available for your current preview build settings.

In this scenario, when you scan for new preview builds, Windows Update does not detect the available preview builds.

  Update for Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 10130