It's possible that you could manually repair the partition table but I'm skeptical this will work in the manner you want it too
 
I did a GOOGLE search and found these listed that may help you out.
 
My suggestion is to recover as much as R-Studio will recover and then run the HD manufacturers diagnostics on that drive to rule out any media/hardware defects. This will involve destructive testing so it's best to recover first then run these tests.

I agree - even if you could repair the partitions, I still woudn't trust them - best to recover what information you can, copy it to another hard drive, then start again with the fubar'ed drive.

Works like a charme!

This partition software can. Just select "Recover partitions" option. It will completely recover all deleted partitions so that you could work as if nothing happened.
 

I suggest you use Partition Table Doctor to resolve your
problem.The software provides very useful functions:
Backup partition table, Restore partition table, Rebuild
partition table, undelete partition, Fix boot sector,
rebuild mbr,etc.
 
First thing I recommend you download the demo version of
Partition Table Doctor.( http://www.ptdd.com/download.htm )
 
Run the program and select "Rebuild Partition Table",
then choose "Interactive" mode.
 
See more: http://www.ptdd.com/recoverylostpartition.htm
http://www.ptdd.com/recoverdeletedpartition.htm
http://www.ptdd.com/partition-recovery.htm
http://www.ptdd.com
 

I recommend that you use DataRecoveryWizard to recover your data.
The software provides very useful functions for data recovery:
DeleteRecovery, FormatRecovery, AdvancedRecovery, RawRecovery.
 
This program is an efficient disk recovery software providing
you a complete answer to data loss.
 
You can download the demo version of DataRecoveryWizard.
http://www.[censored].com/download.htm
 
Run the program and you can select the any recovery mode
"DeletedRecovery", "FormatRecovery" and "AdvancedRecovery".
 
See more:
http://www.[censored].com
http://www.[censored].com/datarecoverywizard/recover-deleted-files.htm
http://www.[censored].com/datarecoverywizard/recover-lost-partition.htm
http://www.[censored].com/datarecoverywizard/recover-formatted-partition.htm
http://www.[censored].com/datarecoverywizard/recover-fdisked-drives.htm
http://www.[censored].com/datarecoverywizard/recover-lost-files.htm
http://www.[censored].com/datarecoverywizard/recover-repartitioned-drives.htm
http://www.[censored].com/datarecoverywizard/recover-scandisk-chkdsk-disk.htm
http://www.[censored].com/datarecoverywizard/recover-ghosted-image-data.htm
http://www.[censored].com/datarecoverywizard/recover-encrypted-data.htm

Even more SPAM. ;(

Active@ partition recovery once helped me in such a situation, when I lost partitions. You can see if it can help you.
http://www.partition-recovery.com/

Hi Arin,
 
There an awful lot of replies there, but I'm afraid aside from tool recommendations nobody warned you about the likelihood of wrecking what little data you have left. You have yet to explain or in fact don't know what caused your partition failure. If it's due to a mechanical failure you absolutely should not use it in the mean time. Just a get a new HD, install your OS of choice on it and then recover the old HD to a partition or folder on the drive. Have you verified the sanctity of your current HD? Did you run the drive diagnostic made by the manufacturer? What brand of HD failed? Seagates are far and away the most reliable. In the last 5 years they're the only brand that hasn't had a major embarassment on their hands. They're the quietest drives and have the longest warranty 5 years vs. 2-3 years from their competitors.
 
Good Luck,
Christian Blackburn

Hi Arin,
 
Try having a friend burn you a linux live-CD to use in the mean time, so you can browse the web and do e-mail. Operating a defective drive is like driving a broken automobile, it can only get worse in the process.
 
Good Luck,
Christian Blackburn