It appears as though the Windows 8 may include some filesystem changes after years of sticking with NTFS as the standard go-to filesystem.



From Neowin:

It is unknown whether or not this new filesystem will end up replacing NTFS in the final builds of Windows 8, but “Protogon” is certainly there in the early builds that have been circulating. When Mary Jo Foley talked with Rafael Rivera about Protogon he discovered “it seems to incorporate database-like concepts like transactions, cursors, rows and tables” along with hints that it could emulate or replace NTFS altogether. Microsoft has attempted to introduce a new filesystem before but ultimately scrapped the project – WinFS was supposed to be included with Windows Vista; however it never saw any implementation into the operating system.

  Windows 8 found to include new "Protogon" filesystem